Name- Gohil jyotiba
Roll no :13
Sem: 2
Paper :7
Topic: Gerard Generate:Structuralism and literary criticism
Difference between criticism and creativity
In Gerard Generate 's words ,'if the writer questions the universe,the critic questions literature,that is to say the universe of sign.But what was a sign for the writer becomes meaning for the critic is the object of the critical discourse and in another way what was meaning for the writer becomes a sign for the critic,as the theme and symbol of a certain literary nature.
What is structuralism? How is it applied to the study of literature?
Structuralism .It is the offshoot of certain developments in linguistics and anthropology.Saussure's mode of the synchronic study of Language was an attempt to formulate the grammar of a language from a study of parole.Using the saussurian linguistics model,claude Levi- Strauss examined the customs and convention of some captures with a view of arriving at the grammar of those cultured.Structuralist criticism aims criticism aims at forming a poetics or the science of literature from a study of literary works.It takes for granted the death of the author,hence it looks upon works as self organized linguistic structures.In literary theory,structuralism is an approach to analyzing the narrative material by examining the underlying invariant structure. Eg,a literary critic applying a structuralist literary theory might say that the authors of West side story did not write anything "really" new,because their work has the same structure as Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet.In both text a girl and a boy fall in love operator between them would be despite the fact that they belong to two groups that hate each other or and conflict is resolved by their death.The versatility of structuralism is such that a literary critic could make the same claim about a story of two friendly families that arrange a marriage between their children hat each other and then the children committee suicide to escape the arranged marriage the justification is that the second story's structure is an inversion of the first story's structure the relationship between the values of parties involved have been reversed.
Structuralistic literary criticism argues that the novelty value of a literary text can lie only in new structure,rather than in the specifics of char development and voice in which that structure is expressed.
Gerard Generate writes at the outset in his essay Structuralism and literary criticism that methods developed for the study of one discipline as well.This is what he calls 'intellectual' bricolage.Structuralism is the name given to saussure's approach to language as a system of relationship.Structuralism as a method is to literary criticism which is a discourse upon a discourse.That is ,it is literature written to explain literature and language used in it to the role of language in literature.
In Genette's words,'if the written questions the universe,the critic questions literature that is to say the universe of signs.But what was a sign for the writer(the work) becomes meaning for the critic and in another way that was meaning for the writer becomes a sign for the critic,as the theme and symbol of a certain literary nature,sounds,forms words and sentences constitute the common object of the linguist and the philogist in the early Russian formalist movement to define literature as a mere dialect and to envisage it's study as an annex of general dialectology.
Application of structuralism
Gerard Generate born 1930 is a French literary theorist associated in structuralist movement and such figures as Roland Battles.He is largely responsible into literary criticism
Discourse.
An essay in method has been of importance.His major work is the multi part figures series of which narrative discourse is a section.
Important concept in Genette's narratilogy:
This outline of Genette's narratology is derived from narrative Discourse.An easy method.This book forms part of his multi wolume work figures I- III
They are primarily used to look at the syntax of narratives,rather than perform an interpretation of them order.Say a story is as follows;a murder occurs (event A);then the circumstances of the murder are revealed to a detective(event B) finally the murderer is caught(event c) Arranged chronologically the event run A1,B2,C3 Arranged in the text they may run B1(discovery)
The separation between an event and its narration allows several possibilities
An event can occur once and be narrated once( singular)
An event can occur n times an be narrated once (iterative) value of Macbeth,sleepless nights.
I used to go to the shop.
An event can occur once and be narrated n times(repetitive)
Today I went to the shop and Today he went to the shop etc.
Duration
The separation between an event and its narration means that there is discourse time and narrative time,eg Duration.
'Five years passed,has a lengthy discourse time,five years,but a short narrative time(it only took a second to read).
James Joyce's novel has a relatively short discourse time,twenty- four hours.Not many people however,could read Ulysses in twenty four hours.
Voice
Voice is concerned with who narrates and from where for ways eg,
Where the narration is form
Intra-diegetic,
Inside the text
'The women in white
Extra-diegetic
Out side the text
Eg,Thomas Hardy's Tess of the D' Urbervilles
Is the narrator a character in the story?
Hetero-diegetic
The narrator is not character in the story Homer's the odyrsey
Jimbo -diegetic
The narrator is a character in the story pilgrim's progress.
Mood.
Genette's said narrative mood is dependent on the 'distance' and 'perspece and perspective of the narrator,and like music,narrative mood has predominant pattern.It is related to voice.
Distance of the narrator changes with narrated speech,transposed speech and reported speech.
Roll no :13
Sem: 2
Paper :7
Topic: Gerard Generate:Structuralism and literary criticism
Difference between criticism and creativity
In Gerard Generate 's words ,'if the writer questions the universe,the critic questions literature,that is to say the universe of sign.But what was a sign for the writer becomes meaning for the critic is the object of the critical discourse and in another way what was meaning for the writer becomes a sign for the critic,as the theme and symbol of a certain literary nature.
What is structuralism? How is it applied to the study of literature?
Structuralism .It is the offshoot of certain developments in linguistics and anthropology.Saussure's mode of the synchronic study of Language was an attempt to formulate the grammar of a language from a study of parole.Using the saussurian linguistics model,claude Levi- Strauss examined the customs and convention of some captures with a view of arriving at the grammar of those cultured.Structuralist criticism aims criticism aims at forming a poetics or the science of literature from a study of literary works.It takes for granted the death of the author,hence it looks upon works as self organized linguistic structures.In literary theory,structuralism is an approach to analyzing the narrative material by examining the underlying invariant structure. Eg,a literary critic applying a structuralist literary theory might say that the authors of West side story did not write anything "really" new,because their work has the same structure as Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet.In both text a girl and a boy fall in love operator between them would be despite the fact that they belong to two groups that hate each other or and conflict is resolved by their death.The versatility of structuralism is such that a literary critic could make the same claim about a story of two friendly families that arrange a marriage between their children hat each other and then the children committee suicide to escape the arranged marriage the justification is that the second story's structure is an inversion of the first story's structure the relationship between the values of parties involved have been reversed.
Structuralistic literary criticism argues that the novelty value of a literary text can lie only in new structure,rather than in the specifics of char development and voice in which that structure is expressed.
Gerard Generate writes at the outset in his essay Structuralism and literary criticism that methods developed for the study of one discipline as well.This is what he calls 'intellectual' bricolage.Structuralism is the name given to saussure's approach to language as a system of relationship.Structuralism as a method is to literary criticism which is a discourse upon a discourse.That is ,it is literature written to explain literature and language used in it to the role of language in literature.
In Genette's words,'if the written questions the universe,the critic questions literature that is to say the universe of signs.But what was a sign for the writer(the work) becomes meaning for the critic and in another way that was meaning for the writer becomes a sign for the critic,as the theme and symbol of a certain literary nature,sounds,forms words and sentences constitute the common object of the linguist and the philogist in the early Russian formalist movement to define literature as a mere dialect and to envisage it's study as an annex of general dialectology.
Application of structuralism
Gerard Generate born 1930 is a French literary theorist associated in structuralist movement and such figures as Roland Battles.He is largely responsible into literary criticism
Discourse.
An essay in method has been of importance.His major work is the multi part figures series of which narrative discourse is a section.
Important concept in Genette's narratilogy:
This outline of Genette's narratology is derived from narrative Discourse.An easy method.This book forms part of his multi wolume work figures I- III
They are primarily used to look at the syntax of narratives,rather than perform an interpretation of them order.Say a story is as follows;a murder occurs (event A);then the circumstances of the murder are revealed to a detective(event B) finally the murderer is caught(event c) Arranged chronologically the event run A1,B2,C3 Arranged in the text they may run B1(discovery)
The separation between an event and its narration allows several possibilities
An event can occur once and be narrated once( singular)
An event can occur n times an be narrated once (iterative) value of Macbeth,sleepless nights.
I used to go to the shop.
An event can occur once and be narrated n times(repetitive)
Today I went to the shop and Today he went to the shop etc.
Duration
The separation between an event and its narration means that there is discourse time and narrative time,eg Duration.
'Five years passed,has a lengthy discourse time,five years,but a short narrative time(it only took a second to read).
James Joyce's novel has a relatively short discourse time,twenty- four hours.Not many people however,could read Ulysses in twenty four hours.
Voice
Voice is concerned with who narrates and from where for ways eg,
Where the narration is form
Intra-diegetic,
Inside the text
'The women in white
Extra-diegetic
Out side the text
Eg,Thomas Hardy's Tess of the D' Urbervilles
Is the narrator a character in the story?
Hetero-diegetic
The narrator is not character in the story Homer's the odyrsey
Jimbo -diegetic
The narrator is a character in the story pilgrim's progress.
Mood.
Genette's said narrative mood is dependent on the 'distance' and 'perspece and perspective of the narrator,and like music,narrative mood has predominant pattern.It is related to voice.
Distance of the narrator changes with narrated speech,transposed speech and reported speech.
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