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Dr.Jekyll and Mr. Hyde by R. L Stevenson

'Strange case of Dr.Jekyll and Mr,Hyde is a gotic novel by Robert Louis Stevenson first published in 1886. It shows conflict of good and bad very innovatively and effectively.

In this novel Stevenson has portrayed the conflict between good and evil. There is one potion which Dr. Jekyll was taking and after taking that he was transformed into Mr. Hyde, who is evil in nature. Eventually Dr Jekyll has started transforming in to Mr. Hyde without taking potion. Mostly this happens in his sleep but after some time this started happening when he is awake  . After that he has started losing his ability to turned again into Dr. Jekyll. He has now know that after some time he will turn in to Mr. Hyde forgive. After knowing that fact Mr. Hyde has committed suicide. It shows the good and bad side of one. So Dr. Jekyll was a good and Mr. Hyde was evil.

Poem 'Design'

                 Design is a fourteen line sonnet. It is also called an Italian sonnet. The first eight lines make up one stanza while the second stanza is Six lines.                                    

The poem 'Design' based on the everyday observation of spider on white flower holding up a dead moth. The back ground of white flower called a heal all.
The spider, flower and moth are white usually stands for something virtuous and pure but here is describes as not purity but deadly pallor . It is story of moth death. It is not design of life but death. Moth and spider become the symbol of humanity. They both are product of natural forces not spiritual design spider holds dead moth is also a part of nature.
White flower the white spider holds the white moth so all this thing is rarely found. It is strange thing that all this things seeing at one place. The poem shows reality of nature.

Poem 'Daffodils' by William wordsworth

Introduction
William wordsworth was a Major English Romantic poet. He was born on 7 the April 1770 and died on 23 Rd April 1850. He is famous for his poem. "I wandered lonely " as a cloud also commonly known as "'Daffodils" lyric  poem by William wordsworth.
In the first stanza he said wandering lonely as a cloud floats over high valleys and hills poet also wants to do the same. When the poet was wandering he saw a host of Daffodils . There was a cool breeze with breeze Daffodils were fluttering like dancing.
The second stanza poet said large number of Daffodils. He compares this with the Stars in milky way. He saw ten thousand Daffodils on river.
In third stanza poet is describing the joy which Daffodils have in dancing with breeze. He feeling happy to company of Daffodils. Then he had thought that how much this show has brought to him. It is wealth of emotions and of joy.
In last stanza the poet is at home. Now he talking about the nostalgia which he is lying on his couch in relaxed mood. Many times he sees the Daffodils from his inward eye. Poet's heart fills with pleasure and it also started dancing with Daffodils.
It follows ABABCc Rhyme scheme. The poem is about beauty of nature. Wordsworth feels happy to seen Daffodils.

Assiment on Mass media and importance

Name: Jyotiba Gohil
Paper no 15
Roll no 12
Year - 20019-20
Submitted to : MKBU Department of English

Topic : Mass media and it's Importance

IMPORTANCE OF MASS MEDIA

1. Mass Media provide information to the mass within a less time.

2. It takes a wide coverage of CJinformation regarding anything that is happening in any comer of the world.

3. It brings the entire world to the individual or to the classroom. Children spend hours together sitting in front of the television and can visualize, hear and acquire knowledge about the world.

4. These media easily reach groups, allow repeated use, give more reality, influence attitudes, show cause and effect relationships and ultimately motivate the audience.

5. It sends information to remote places and helps in distant learning.

6. It helps in modification of attitudes, inculcation of desirable values and acquaintance with cultural heritage.

7. Mass media acts as an agency of social change.

8. Mass media are useful for reinforcing group dynamics and interpersonal communication.

9. Mass media as means of communication make ideas clear to children and help them to acquire correct knowledge. They help in simplifying and in giving vividness to explanation.

10. Mass Media make the instruction concrete and stimulate interest and excite curiosity in things.

”Education today, therefore, has a far greater responsibility than it had ever before. It has to meet the demands of a dynamic world which change its character every day. Contemporary education has to be more comprehensive and complete than it was ever before. The role of the various agencies of education like home, society, community etc. has consequently increased, so has the role of the mass media like television, radio, cinema, newspaper increased.” So now-a-day, press, radio, cinema, television, etc. are becoming more and more important in an individual’s life. 

DEMERITS OF MASS MEDIA
 Sometimes, mass media creates misunderstanding among the people providing false and baseless news. Besides, satellite channels often telecast some vulgar programs that damage the moral character of the young generation. People who watch violent films through mass media, commit crimes easily and engage themselves in illegal works. It is true that people regularly exposed to violent media usually grow up to be completely normal people. But, the number of these people is very few because all people of a country or society do not follow or observe mass media. Besides, a large group of people in a society is out of modern technology. 

The role of some important mass
media 

 (a) TV (Television):
 Television is an inescapablepart of modern culture. We depend on TV for entertainment, news ,education, culture,weather, sports—and even music, since the
advent of music videos.

Educational Program:

Now most of the TV has or is broadcasting or telecasting education program for making talented or intellectual general people or student such as debate program, computer education, BBC Janala, Mina Carton and Sisum Pur for children as well as people can know how to save them at the time of natural disaster those are living in costal area or risky area, even they can learn precaution about earth quick and Suname from TV and Radio.

 Awareness Program for people from TV:

Awareness program is the most important and common program for all TV channel and Radio Sponsored by UNCEP, Save the children, and UN. By the Awareness program, people can make themselves awareness about their social life by watching TV and listening Radio such Family planning, health care and nutituration program for children, mother’s care during the period of pregnancy, and AIDs. BTV would broadcast one program or Drama by the name of Sobuj Chata. I appreciate this kind of program. By that Drama, people can learn primary problem how to solve.

  Cultural program:

Every nation have own their culture. To develop their own culture, there is no alternative way.  For the last two decades Mass media have kept great contribution. TV, Radio and newspaper arrange different types of cultural program to practicing in Bangladesh as a nation of Bengali. Mass media encourage to celebrate like as Pohela Boishakh, receive the Fulgune utshob.

  Self sufficient:

TV broadcasts many training programs and self sufficient program to reduced the unemployed such as Matio O Manush (Agriculture program).  I appreciate this types of program because this kind of program to help unemployed  people to make carrier or start small business by themselves own attempt or afford.

 Television offers lots of benefits to kids, including:

1. Because of its ability to create powerful touchstones, TV enables young people to share cultural experiences with others.
2.  Shared viewing gives family members of    all ages an opportunity to spend time together.
3. Parents can use TV as a catalyst to get kids reading—following up on TV  programs by getting books on the same subjects or reading authors whose work was adapted for the programs.
4. Great television can teach kids important values and life lessons.
5. TV can help introduce your family to classic Hollywood films and foreign movies that may not be available in your local video store.So it's very useful in many ways.

       Radio acts as the medium of mass-communication. It is used mainly to

broadcast events to far and wide places of the world. It is also a very
important source of entertainment.

Every day, we listen various talks, discussions and debates from radio. These are extremely important and useful for the students. Especially for the purpose of teaching, many programmes are broadcast over the radio. So radio acts as a great recreational and education force. It broadcasts scientific and cultural facts. It enlightens public opinion. It stimulates curiosity and interests.

The radio has proved a valuable supplement to class teaching and learning Educational broad-casting is comparatively a new experiment and is catching on well. Through school broadcasts, expert leaching in such diverse fields of science, social studies, art, music, languages, politics, current affairs and other areas, can provide information and enrichment for pupils and for the teacher.

The educational programmes are broadcasting by the expect teachers with effective methods which demonstrate new ideas and approaches to classroom procedures. Programmes are especially designed in-collaboration with the experts for different age groups in the schools.

Following are the advantages of using radio as mass media in education:

1. Educational radio broadcasts provide “listening participation” In current history:

In radio the emphasis is on sound, rather than on picture. So many programmes especially for the purpose of teaching are broadcast over the radio and special events and (occurrences in the world are brought from the source immediately into the classroom.

As a part of classroom teaching, an educational programme may be preceded by an introduction by the class teacher and followed by long discussion among students on the subject-matter under the broadcast discussion. A talented teacher may teach through radio for the benefit of the students. So important happenings, elections, inventions, political developments in other countries and other current topics may be heard and discussed in the classroom.

Newspapers :

                                         

                  

 Newspapers are part of  print media. It is the most important media which famous among the large group of mass. The newspapers  are meant to inform the general public about recent events and  especially the public affairs. Besides local, national and  international news the newspapers often carry sports and entertainment activities also. It also focus on the  opinion columns and advertising. They are also important not only for  educating people but it is also a form of media where news are spread.

The importance of the newspaper :

● Newspaper plays vital role in shaping the thoughts of people.

● It also  provide the information. A newspaper contains a lot of information that people can read. thus it gives the more knowledge to people.

● Newspapers also play a vital role to educate people. So People who read the newspapers get to gain some form of education about matters around the world.

● Newspaper also offers some form of entertainment. Like There are pages or sections of newspapers that are set for to  entertain the readers.

●The publication of newspapers also helps to create jobs for people. These people are employed in the newspaper print houses and the newspaper vendors.

 ●Newspaper helps  into  improve the levels of literacy. They can be used to help students by giving the vocabularies and because of it students are  able to write and read better.

Conclusion
So mass media is very important in the world.Media plays very vital role in development of the nation. It is very important  to comunication to our daily life.

Work sited
Meaning and importance of mass media class Notes
http://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/education/role-of-mass-media-in-education-in-India/45260/

Paper no 14 Assignment on The African literature

Name: Jyotiba Gohil
M.A. sem 4
Roll no 12
Paper 14 The African literature
Year : 2019-20
Submitted to: MKBU Department of English

Topic: Critical Analysis on The Waiting for the Barbarians

John Maxwell Coetzee is an author, writer, language specialist, interpreter and beneficiary of the Nobel Prize in Literature. He composes numerous books. It was picked by Penguin for its arrangement Great Books of the twentieth century and won both the James Tait Black Memorial prize and Geoffrey Faber Memorial Prize for fiction. It is initially distributed in 1960. His first work of fiction was Dusklands written in 1974.The second one is Waiting for Barbarian in 1980. "Holding up for the Barbarians" is a novel distributed in 1980. "Waiting for the Barbarians" is about profound quality and it manages human brutality. The title is from a tone from the Greek post "Constantine P. Cavafy". The story was about nonexistent Domain.

Main characters:

The Magistrate :

The Magistrate is the story's first person storyteller. He is an executive of a domain having a place with an anonymous empire; he admits to his apathy, his affection for youthful local young ladies, and his fulfilment with the old methods for colonialism, despite everything he develops as a honourable and thoughtful character. He looks for some criticalness in his own particular squandered life. The Magistrate speaks to all men and ladies who confront not just their characteristic shortcomings be that as it may, the strengths of totalitarianism.

Colonel Joll :

Colonel Joll was an authority in the strange Third Bureau and an arm of the Civil Guard. He was made to ensure the domain, which is debilitated by barbarians.

Unnamed young lady :

Barbarian young lady blinded and disabled by the Third Bureau, she is cleared out behind by her kin and taken in by the Magistrate. A whore she lives and works in the hotel, went to by the Magistrate. Two recruits and a guide they set out with the Magistrate to give back the young lady to her kin, they give declaration against him to the Third Bureau.

Themes :  

    

 An exploration of an idea of barbarism:

Coetzee utilizes his awesome expertise to underline the incongruity in these last lines. The barbarians those dangers the towns are never observed, the "ludicrous detainees" brought back by the Third Bureau are degraded and silly. We are never conveyed up close and personal with the adversary, who can sidestep the Empire‛s reach. The people‛s requirement for the barbarian is discernable. When we see or read ballad by Cavafy we come to think about the sonnet that the sonnet is investigates the need of the "other" to the capacity and exercise of majestic power.

Theme of Violence :

Coetzee speak to both kind of savagery physical and also mental. Sitting tight for the Barbarians denote a discernable change in Coetzee's treatment of savagery as in dissimilar to in Dusk arrives here Coetzee diverts his consideration from the culprits to the casualties of torments and to the observer of barbarities who don't endure themselves yet who are debilitated by the brutality of others. the novel Coetzee shifts center of his enthusiasm from the torments to the results of their forcefulness the effect savagery has on the persecuted and on the individuals who are not specifically subjected to mercilessness but rather who know about persecution of others. Coetzee deliberately utilized the word savagery since it has its own significance the essential question is about the significance of brutality for a person, that is the way a distinctive individual come to comprehend brutality all alone terms.

Power

We can see the topics like Power in this novel since when we read the novel we get sensitivity for the general population who were savages as per other individuals who administered over them the general population were tormented and slaughtered by the empire‛s individuals the third authority were needs to ruled over the general population and they needs to control The Magistrate has control over the officers and regular citizens, and the Colonel has control over the Magistrate, as with any chain of command. In this story, power is specialist.

Torture

Torture was utilized on the "barbarians and furthermore on the Magistrate. Be that as it may, the Realm did not know who was who where the wilderness was concerned. Colonel Joll cross examined the old man and his grandson in the start of the book utilizing torture.

Symbolism :

This novel is rich in image and significance. Among them the development of the seasons, the season of nature, set in directed resistance toward the season of mankind's history. The novel starts in late summer, during a period of collect and abundance and finishes at the skirt of winter, and the finish of human progress as known by the town‛s occupants. Indeed, even in the earliest reference point the blankness that debilitates is presented in a fantasy theme, which suspects the books last pages also as the barbarian young lady.

 The realm: The domains speak to power that doesn't require that the individuals who serve it adore others however just perform obligations.

Barbarians Tribes: According to gossipy titbits barbarian tribes have been outfitting and the realm would need to utilize measures to counteract war.

 Square: the square can be seen from the Magistrate‛s window. Furthermore, he can see detainees landing from that point.

 Third Bureau: The third Bureau is portrayed as an unsleeping gatekeeper of the Empire being an investigative office.

“Waiting for the Barbarians” as an allegorical novel

It was proposed as a symbolic assault on politically-sanctioned racial segregation South Africa. Judge (storyteller) – a sort of every one of the an official against and Colonel Joll, A youthful savage lady. In Coetzee's words Waiting for the Barbarians is a novel about "the effect of the dungeon on the life of a man of inner voice". Hero challenge social uncalled for to Empire, however regardless he takes a gander at the savages as an unsafe tribe. The character of barbarians were respected as just "others". Officer relates that, There is no lady living along the outskirts who has not longed for a dim Barbarian hand. No man has not terrified himself with dreams of the barbarians cutting loose into his home breaking the plates, setting flame to the window ornaments, assaulting his girls.

 It is against the picture of the dim barbarian that Eurocentric societies have developed their delicate feeling of human progress and character. The defenders are left in the leave. Returning to of the novel today gives us a pressing requirement for political recuperation of our regular mankind. The novel is a sort of wrangle about that the locals are human or creature being.

Keeping in mind the end goal to demonstrate its position as a predominant and edified country and culture, Empire endeavors to approve the presence of the local tenants of the zone. Truth be told, since the savages are being anticipated at whatever time and wherever in the town, in each announced assault or instance of assault or ravaging, they are instantly reprimanded for the unlawful act guilt, wrongdoing or theft without, any proof. At the point when the officer is sent to jail, a trooper talks about them as: "Barbarians. They remove some portion of the bank over yonder what's more, overflowed the fields. Nobody saw them".

 The Magistrate's association with the visually impaired and faltering barbarian young lady can be comprehended and perused as a major aspect of a frontier story of which sexual dreams towards the other and dread from the other are part. The halfway "dutiful" connection between the Magistrate and the brute young lady "turns into a illustration for the connection amongst colonizers and colonized under the Realm, and here and there sexual implications".

 The Magistrate's end, however vague and unpromising, is by all accounts moral as in he is presently progressing nicely of resistance and hunt for flexibility. Toward the finish of the novel and in its last part, the entire place transforms into a wreck as the colonizer loses control and the fighters themselves transform into criminals. The Magistrate declines to leave the place and chooses to tell reality.

Conclusion :

"Waiting for the Barbarians" can likewise be censured as savagery on ladies. The ladies were minimized by tribe individuals and by power demonstrate the dull side of the time. So we can say that this novel is in regards to human viciousness what's more, the holding up which never closes.

The Magistrate's end, however vague and unpromising, is by all accounts moral as in he is presently progressing nicely of resistance and hunt for flexibility. Toward the finish of the novel and in its last part, the entire place transforms into a wreck as the colonizer loses control and the fighters themselves transform into criminals. The Magistrate declines to leave the place and chooses to tell reality.

Work sited.

https://en wikipedia.org/wiki

Van Zanten, Susan Gallagher and j Coetzee M 'Waiting for the barbarians' and JSTOR 277-285

Assiment paper 13 The New literature

Name: Jyotiba Gohil
Paper no: 13 The New literature
Topic: Critical Analysis of The White Tiger
Roll no:12
Submitted to: MKBU Department of English

Assiment on Critical Analysis of The White Tiger

Introduction

-First novel by Indian Author Arvind Adiga.
-It was first published in 2008 and won the 40 the man Booker prize in the same year.

The White Tiger is the novel by Indian Author Arvind Adiga. It was first published in 2008. The novel provides a darkly humorous perspective of India's class struggle in globalized world as told through a retrospective narration from Balram Halwai a village boy.

Arvind Adiga is an Indian Australian writer and journalist. He was born on 23 October 1974 in Madras.
The white Tiger by Arvind Adiga tells two interrelated and interested stories about Balram and his success in life, his success causes moral decay.
        The way writer has narrates the Nation and the character is a bit shock full to the readers. India has changed its face and the new face is full of crime and corruption.
    The situation has become in such a way that none will believe another one easily. The image of India is changed and it is worse than the prior where the humanity and honesty was at the center of India's heart.
          The novel presents the elements of darkness and light of India. It talks about the journey of darkness to light . How Balram Halwai, as a son of poor rickshaw puller,escaped a life of servitude to become a successful business man, describing himself as an Entrepreneur.
 Balram being the hero of the novel talks about his life to Mr. Jiabao. He begins the story by telling about his service at tea shop with his brother at Dhanbad. While working in the tea shop he begins to learn about India's government and economy from the customer's conversation. Balram describe himself as bad servent and decides to be a Rich person.
 He learns how to drive and got a job at Mr. Ashok 's house Balram moves to Delhi and worked at Mr. Ashok's place as driver cum servent being a servent he learned lot of things about the harsh reality of life.
The white Tiger is the form of seven letters to the Chinese premier Wen Jiabao who is planning to visit India and the letters are delivered by a Bangalore. Business man Balram Halwai. In these letters he tells him his Journey from Mumbai to the White Tiger, the portrayal of New India. When he becomes a driver of a rich family in New Delhi. He learns that success often involves corruption, cruelty and inhumanity.

Some fact of the Indian city.
It has no drinking water electricity, sewage system, public transportation, sense of hygiene, discipline, courtesy or punctuality does have entrepreneurs. Thousands and thousands of them. Especially in the field of technology. And these entrepreneurs. Balram Halwai was a man of action and change.

-Balram Halwai alias Munnar
 First day in school ,the teacher made all the boys line up come to his desk so he could put our names down in his register. When he told him what his name was , he gapeda at him.
           Munna that's not a real name
                 He was right. It just means boy  that's all I've got sir he said it was true he never been given a name. Didn't your mother name you?
 He replied she is very ill. She lies bed and spews blood. She got no time to name him.
His father was rickshaw puller sir. He's got no time to name him. The teacher turned aside .
Now he talked about a place in India, at least a third of the country, a fertile place, full of rice fields and wheat fields and ponds in the middle of those
 Fields choked with lotuses and water lilies and water buffaloes wading through the ponds and chewing on the lotuses and lilies. Those who live in this place call it the Darkness that India is two countries is one an India of light and an India of Darkness. The ocean brings light to my country. Every place on the map of India near the ocean is well off. But the river brings darkness to India the black River.
Which black River talking about Death ,whose banks are full of rich, dark,sticky mud whose grip traps everything that is planted in it, suffocating and choking and stunting it?
He talking about Mother Ganga, daughter of the Vedas, river of illumination, protector of us all, breaker of the chain of birth and rebirth. Everywhere this river flows, that area is the Darkness.
 One fact about India is that you can take almost anything you hear about the country from the prime minister and turn it upside down and then you will have the truth about that thing. Now,you have heard the Ganga called the river of emancipation, and hundreds of American tourists come each year to take photographs of naked Sadhus at Hardware or Benaras and our prime minister will no doubt describe it that way to you, and urge you to take a dip in it.

“I swam through the pond, walked up the hill, went into the doorway, and entered the Black Fort for the first time. There wasn’t much around—just some broken walls and a bunch of frightened monkeys watching me from a distance. Putting my foot on the wall, I looked down on the village from there. My little Laxmangarh. I saw the temple tower, the market, the glistening line of sewage, the landlord’s mansions—and my won house, with that dark little cloud outside—the water buffalo. It looked like the most beautiful sight on earth. I leaned out from the edge of the fort in the direction of my village—and then I did something too disgusting to describe to you. Well, actually, I spat. Again and again. And then, whistling and humming I went back down the hill. Eight months later, I slit Mr. Ashok’s throat."

Balram, 36

The Black Fort, which sits on a hill over Balram's village, serves as a significant symbol in the text, representing Balram's aspirations to escape the "Darkness" into the "Light." He leaves no ambiguity as to what the symbol represents. As a boy, he was too frightened to explore the Fort. However, here, returning to Laxmangarh after having been hired as driver, he not only approaches the Fort, but in fact spits down at his village from that vantage. It is no accident that he had to cross through water to arrive at the Fort, indicating a type of baptism into a new man. He has overcome the fears that limited him as a boy, and thereby paved the the path for his ultimate escape. He makes it clear that escape will later be facilitated both through a repudiation of his family (symbolized by his spitting here) and through his murder of Ashok. Returning later in his narrative to this same image, Balram reveals that he now imagines himself in that moment as a version of the poet Iqbal's Devil, rejecting the creation of God in order to fashion his own identity.

We came to an enclosure with tall bamboo bars, and there—seen in the interstices of the bars, as it paced back and forth in a straight line—was a tiger. Not any kind of tiger. The creature that gets born only once every generation in the jungle. I watched him walk behind the bamboo bars. Black stripes and sunlit white fur flashed through the slits in the dark bamboo; it was like watching the slowed-down reels of an old black-and-white film. He was walking in the same line, again and again—from one end of the bamboo bars to the other, then running around and repeating it over, at exactly the same pace, like a thing under a spell. He was hypnotizing himself by walking like this—that was the only way he could tolerate this cage. Then the thing behind the bamboo bars stopped moving. It turned its face to my face. The tiger’s eyes met my eyes, like my master’s eyes have met mine so often in the mirror of the car. All at once, the tiger vanished."

Balram, 237

In this scene, Balram confronts a physical manifestation of his inner self, the White Tiger. Encountering this twinned version of himself in one of the novel's many explorations of dualities, he is overwhelmed. The spiritual nature of the encounter is further stressed when he faints and then reawakens, in a type of rebirth. The moment occurs during the psychological upheaval that precedes the murder, and is the final hurdle he must overcome to find the strength for that atrocity. Seeing the majestic, rare creature with whom he so identifies trapped in the cage finally emboldens Balram to embrace his own inner White Tiger in order to triumph over the Lamb, Ashok. Only in this way, he realizes, can he break free of the cage that is the Darkness

Work sited
https://en.wikipedia .Org/wiki/The_White_Tiger

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